Ssh authorized_keys File: Location, Format & Setup

The authorized_keys file is the core of SSH public-key authentication: it lists the public keys that are allowed to log in to a given user account on a server. You place the public key (one per line) in this file, and the SSH server uses it to verify your identity when you connect with the matching private key. This article explains where the file lives, how it works, how to set it up correctly, and how to troubleshoot common problems.

Formula

The calculator above computes running pace and speed from a finish time and distance. The formulas are:

• Pace = Time (minutes) ÷ Distance (km) → result in min/km
• Speed = Distance (km) ÷ (Time (minutes) ÷ 60) → result in km/h

Where:

• Time is the total finish time in minutes (input).
• Distance is the race or run distance in kilometers (input).
• Pace is the average time per kilometer (output).
• Speed is the average speed in kilometers per hour (output).

If you prefer miles, convert distance to km (1 mile = 1.60934 km) or use the pace result as min/mile by entering distance in miles and time in minutes – the formula works the same.

Worked Example

Using the default values: finish time = 50 minutes, distance = 10 km.

1. Pace = 50 ÷ 10 = 5.0 min/km
2. Speed = 10 ÷ (50 ÷ 60) = 10 ÷ 0.8333 = 12.0 km/h

The calculator displays 5.00 min/km and 12.00 km/h, matching the manual calculation.

When to Use This Calculator

Use this tool when you want to know your average pace for a run, walk, or cycling segment, or when you need to convert a finish time into a speed. It’s handy for training plans, race pacing, or simply comparing workouts. You can also use it backwards: if you know your target pace, enter a distance and adjust the time until the pace matches.

How to Read the Result

The pace result tells you how many minutes (and seconds) you take to cover one kilometer. For example, 5.00 min/km means 5 minutes per kilometer – that’s a common recreational running pace. The speed result is the average speed in km/h; for the same example, 12 km/h is a brisk running speed. If you’re using miles, the pace is per mile and the speed is in mph (if you enter miles and minutes).

Common Mistakes and Unit Mix-ups

• Mixing units: Entering distance in miles but expecting a pace in min/km will give a wrong result. Always use the same unit system.
• Forgetting to convert seconds: If your finish time is 1:30:00 (1 hour 30 minutes), that’s 90 minutes, not 1.30. Convert hours to minutes first.
• Rounding too early: Keep at least two decimals in intermediate steps for accuracy.
• Using speed for pace: Speed and pace are inverse – a higher speed means a lower pace. Don’t confuse the two outputs.

Limitations of the Formula

This formula assumes a constant pace throughout the entire distance. In reality, your pace varies with terrain, weather, and fatigue. The result is an average, not a split-by-split prediction. Also, the formula does not account for elevation gain or loss, which can make a flat-distance pace misleading. For hilly routes, use a GPS app that adjusts for elevation.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I convert pace from min/km to min/mile?

Multiply the pace in min/km by 1.60934 to get min/mile. For example, 5 min/km × 1.60934 = 8.05 min/mile. Or use the calculator with distance in miles and time in minutes.

What is a good running pace for a beginner?

Most beginners run at a pace between 7 and 10 min/km (11-16 km/h). A comfortable conversational pace is a good starting point. Use the calculator to find your current pace and gradually increase distance or speed.

Can I use this for walking or cycling?

Yes, the formula works for any activity where you cover a distance in a time. Just enter the distance and time for walking, cycling, or even swimming (if you measure distance in meters, convert to km first).

Why does my pace vary so much between runs?

Pace varies with terrain, weather, fatigue, and even the type of run (easy vs. tempo). It’s normal to have a range of paces. Use the calculator to track averages over time.

How do I calculate pace for a half marathon (21.1 km) if I want to finish in 2 hours?

Enter time = 120 minutes, distance = 21.1 km. The calculator gives pace = 120 ÷ 21.1 = 5.69 min/km (about 5:41 per km) and speed = 21.1 ÷ (120/60) = 10.55 km/h.

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in t | Finish time | min | 50 | 0
in d | Distance | km | 10 | 0
out pace | Average pace | min/km | t / d | 2
out speed | Average speed | km/h | d / (t / 60) | 2