1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. Neutral pH is 7 at 25°C, with values below 7 being acidic and above 7 being basic.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Logarithm base 10

Explanation: The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in chemistry, biology, medicine, and environmental science. It affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and the behavior of many substances.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. For neutralization reactions, the pH will approach 7 as the reaction completes.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a neutral pH?
A: A neutral pH is exactly 7 at 25°C, indicating equal concentrations of H+ and OH- ions.

Q2: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The neutral point changes with temperature. Pure water has pH 7 at 25°C, but about 6.8 at 37°C.

Q3: What's the pH range of the scale?
A: The pH scale typically ranges from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), though values outside this range are possible.

Q4: Why is pH important in neutralization reactions?
A: The pH indicates when an acid and base have completely neutralized each other (pH = 7 for strong acid-strong base reactions).

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: This gives theoretical pH based on H+ concentration. Actual measurements may vary slightly due to other factors.