Actual Yield Formula:
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Actual yield is the amount of product actually obtained from a chemical reaction, as opposed to the theoretical yield which is the maximum possible amount. It's typically less than theoretical yield due to practical limitations.
The calculator uses the actual yield formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the actual amount of product obtained based on the reaction's efficiency and the theoretical maximum.
Details: Calculating actual yield helps chemists evaluate reaction efficiency, optimize processes, and determine practical product quantities for industrial applications.
Tips: Enter percent yield (0-100%) and theoretical yield in grams. Both values must be positive numbers.
Q1: Why is actual yield less than theoretical?
A: Due to incomplete reactions, side reactions, product loss during purification, and measurement errors.
Q2: What's a good percent yield?
A: Depends on the reaction, but >70% is generally good for complex organic syntheses, while >90% is excellent.
Q3: How can I improve actual yield?
A: Optimize reaction conditions, use pure reagents, minimize side reactions, and improve isolation techniques.
Q4: Can actual yield exceed theoretical?
A: Only if theoretical was miscalculated or product contains impurities that increase mass.
Q5: How does this relate to atom economy?
A: Atom economy measures inherent efficiency, while percent yield measures practical efficiency.