1. What is 10-Fold Serial Dilution?

A 10-fold serial dilution is a stepwise dilution of a substance in solution by a factor of 10 at each step. It's commonly used in microbiology, biochemistry, and analytical chemistry to create a range of concentrations from a stock solution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the serial dilution formula:

Where:

• \( C_n \) — Final concentration after n dilutions
• \( C_0 \) — Initial concentration of stock solution
• \( n \) — Number of 10-fold dilutions performed

Explanation: Each dilution step reduces the concentration by a factor of 10. After n dilutions, the concentration is reduced by 10^n.

3. Importance of Serial Dilution

Details: Serial dilutions are essential for creating standard curves, determining unknown concentrations, and preparing samples within the detection range of analytical instruments.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the initial concentration in mg/mL and the number of dilutions (1-20). The calculator will show the final concentration and all intermediate dilution steps.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between serial and parallel dilution?
A: Serial dilution uses the diluted solution of the previous step as the stock for the next dilution, while parallel dilutions are all made from the original stock.

Q2: How much volume should I use for each dilution?
A: Typically, 1 mL of stock is mixed with 9 mL of diluent for each 10-fold dilution, but the actual volumes depend on your needs.

Q3: Can I do other dilution factors with this calculator?
A: This calculator is specifically for 10-fold dilutions. Other dilution factors require different calculations.

Q4: Why does concentration decrease exponentially?
A: Because each dilution step multiplies the dilution factor (10 × 10 × 10...), leading to an exponential decrease in concentration.

Q5: How accurate are serial dilutions?
A: Accuracy depends on precise pipetting and mixing. Errors compound with each step, so careful technique is essential.